Coming of Age in Mississippi-Book Report

â€Å"Coming of Age in Mississippi† by Anne Moody is an autobiographical account of a black woman living in South struggling against the centuries old racial discrimination by the white. She passed through almost identical incidences like other members of her race bearing humiliation and disgraceful treatment from the upper white class. Anne Moody narrates the story of herself growing up in Mississippi when racial discrimination against the blacks was the peak.In her account, Anne Moody describes the adversities of living in the â€Å"south† where the black population had just started their struggle for equal rights. The life was pathetic for the Negroes with little hopes for emancipation. The details are well described in an easy language and style moving the reader by the depth and emotional appeal it contains. The sentence structure is not so good for Moody not being a professional writer. Anne Moody tells the incredible events of her early childhood living in a hous ehold of divorced parents and extreme poverty.She provides a glance over the several death warnings and intentional massacre of her family members and friends by the powerful whites. She developed a consequent hatred not only for the whites for her own race too as she writes in the book, â€Å"I was 15 years old when I began to hate people†¦ I hated all the whites who were responsible for the countless murders†¦ But I also hated Negroes. I hated them for not standing up and doing something about the murders† (129).The life for her and other blacks was no different from that in the slavery days of pre-Civil War period. She tells about a society in which no one wanted to live in peace and tranquility. Anne Moody’s narrative includes events comparable to both Martin Luther King’s and Henry David Thoreau’s Civil Rights tactics, Anne was highly influenced by King. Her book is written in into four parts covering different stages of her life; childhood , high school years, college years and participation in the civil rights movement.These stages greatly resemble King’s four point program of gathering facts, self-purification, negotiation, and direct action (King 290). â€Å"Black Boy† by Richard Wright is another account similar to Anne’s. an autobiography initially published in 1945, focus on the many hardships African Americans faced as individuals and families. Similar to Anne’s, Richard's father his family when he was very young. They were left with their mother making her to be devastated by and ending up with a stroke.Richard had to start working at a prime age to look after his mother and siblings. The two narratives are only different being penned by and from a male and female perspective. Anne’s book is about the inner struggle within her and about the conflicts she had with society and her own fellow blacks. The title of the book, â€Å"Coming of Age in Mississippi† clearly talks of the subject matter inside. It is a story of growing up or coming of age, getting mature in a highly divided society in the state of Mississippi undergoing a struggle and change.It provides an insight and understanding of historical importance of the events taking place in the years of Civil Rights Movement. The book gives a good evaluation of the sufferings of the black population and their hard struggle for getting petty and basic rights. Works Cited King, Martin Luther Jr. â€Å"Letter from Birmingham City Jail† from A Testament of Hope. Harper Collins, 1991 Moody, Anne. Coming of Age in Mississippi. Delta, New York, February 2004 Wright, Richard. Black Boy. Harper Perennial Modern Classics. September 1, 1998

Of mice and men assignment Essay

Curley is physically aggressive towards Lennie, while his wife is sexually provocative. These two characters create trouble for Lennie from the start and combine to cause his death in the end. The main points that I will show how Curley’s physically aggression towards Lennie helps to causes his death in the end are: * When he first meets George and Lennie * When he is looking for a fight with someone * When his wife is killed he still want to get Lennie The main points that I will show how Curley’s wife sexually provocative towards Lennie helps to causes his death in the end are: * When she first meets George and Lennie * When Lennie is with Candy and Crooks in the bunk house * At the end when both of them are in the barn alone together * Even when she is dead as Lennie knows that George will be mad at him This essay will argue that Curley is physically aggressive towards Lennie while his wife is sexually provocative. Both characters combine to cause his death. The physical aggression towards Lennie starts when Curley first meets Lennie and George, â€Å"†¦Curley lashed his body around. â€Å"By Christ, he’s gotta talk when he’s spoken to. What the hell are you getting’ into it for?†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"†¦We jus’ come in,† said Lennie softly. Curley stared levelly at him. â€Å"Well, nex’ time you answer when you’re spoken to.† He turned towards the door and walked out, his elbows were still bent out a little. †¦Ã¢â‚¬  From the two passages you can see that Curley’s physical aggression towards Lennie starts early in the book and is caused by Lennie not talking. This is caused after he tries quizzing them again after the boss had just finished, his father. He takes an instant disliking towards Lennie. Curley tries to show the two who is the boss and that they should mess with him but, by flexing his muscles and taking a fighting crouch but Curley is taken by surprise when Lennie answers him in a soft voice, then Curley leaves the bunk house walking with his muscles still flexed. The swamper (Candy) says â€Å"†¦Curley’s like a lot of little guys. He hates big guys. He’s alla time picking scraps with big guys. Kind of like he’s mad at ’em because he ain’t a big guy. You seen little guys like that, ain’t you? Always scrapping?† â€Å"Sure,† said George. â€Å"I seen plenty tough little guys. But this Curley better not make no mistake about Lennie. Lennie ain’t handy, but this Curley punk is gonna get hurt if he messes around with Lennie.† â€Å"Well, Curley’s pretty handy,† the swamper said sceptically. †¦Ã¢â‚¬  From this you find out that Curley is meant to be handy and can fight, also that Lennie my not be able to fight but is strong. You also get the feeling that you know that both of them are going to cross paths one way or another. Also Steinbeck is warning of the power and strength of Lennie in the same way with the mouse that Lennie has at the start of the book. Curley’s wife sexually provocative towards Lennie also starts when she first meets the pair, Lennie and George. â€Å"†¦Both men glanced up, for the rectangle of sunshine in the doorway was cut off. A girl was standing there looking in. She had full, rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes, heavily made up. Her fingernails were red. Her hair hung in little rolled clusters, like sausages. She wore a cotton house dress and red mules, on the insteps of which were little bouquets of red ostrich feathers. â€Å"I’m lookin’ for Curley,† she said. Her voice had a nasal, brittle quality. George looked away from her and then back. â€Å"He was in here a minute ago, but he went.† â€Å"Oh!† She put her hands behind her back and leaned against the door frame so that her body was thrown forward. â€Å"You’re the new fellas that just come, ain’t ya?† â€Å"Yeah.† Lennie’s eyes moved down over her body, and thought she did not seem to be looking at Lennie she bridled a little. She looked at her fingernails, â€Å"sometimes Curley’s in here,† she explained. George said brusquely, â€Å"Well he ain’t now.† â€Å"If he ain’t a guess I better look some place else,† se said playfully. Lennie watched her, fascinated. George said, â€Å"If I see him, I’ll pass the word you was looking for him.† She smiled archly and twitched her body. â€Å"Nobody can’t blame a person for lookin’,† she said. †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"†¦ Lennie still stared at the doorway where she had been. â€Å"Gosh, she was purty.† He smiled admiringly. George looked quickly down at him and then he took him by an ear and shook him. â€Å"Listen to me, you crazy bastard,† he said fiercely. â€Å"Don’t you even take a look at that bitch. I don’t care what she says and what she does. I seen ’em poison before, but I never seen no piece of jail bait worse than her. You leave her be.† Lennie tried to disengage his ear. â€Å"I never done nothing, George.† â€Å"No, you never. But when she was standin’ in the doorway showin’ her leg, you wasn’t looking the other way, neither†¦.† The way in which Steinbeck describes Curley’s wife makes her come across as I tart. George thinks that she is a â€Å"tramp†, â€Å"jail bait† and a â€Å"rat trap†. George also gets concerned when Lennie say that she is â€Å"purty†. In this chapter Steinbeck makes the ranch sound scary, a sense of fear like he want you to know something bad is going to happen with out telling you. The next physical aggression towards Lennie is when Curley is looking for his wife and is accusing Slim. They walk in to the bunk house and Slim is fed-up with Curley asking him about his wife and lets him know but Curley dose not want to fight with Slim. He then looks around the room, Carlson also had a dig at Curley but Curley did not want to fight with him either. He knows that he will have a bit of trouble with both of these men. Then Candy says something and Curley just looks straight and him but then notices Lennie and think of fighting with him. â€Å"†¦ His eyes slipped on past and lighted on Lennie; and Lennie was still smiling with delight at the memory of the ranch. Curley stepped over to Lennie lie a terrier. â€Å"What the hell you laughin’ at?† Lennie looked blankly at him. â€Å"Huh?† Then Curley’s rage exploded. â€Å"Come on, ya big bastard. Get up on your feet. No big son-of-a-bitch is gonna laugh at me. I’ll show ya how’s yella.† Lennie looked hopelessly at George, and then he got up and tried to retreat. Curley was balanced and poised. He slashed at Lennie with left, and then smashed him down his nose with a right. Lennie gave a cry of terror. Blood welled from his nose. â€Å"George,† he cried. Make ‘um let me alone, George.† He backed until he was against the wall, and Curley followed, slugging him in the face. Lennie’s hands remained at his sides; he was too frightened to defend himself†¦.† â€Å"†¦Curley attacked his stomach and cut off his wind. Slim jumped up. â€Å"The dirty little rat,† he cried, â€Å"I’ll get ‘um myself.† George put out his hand and grabbed Slim. Wait a minute,† he shouted. He cupped his hands around his mouth and yelled, â€Å"Get him Lennie!† Lennie took his hands away from his face and looked about for George, and Curley slashed at his eyes. The big face was covered with blood. George yelled again, â€Å"I said get him.† Curley’s fist was swinging when Lennie reached for it. The next minute Curley was flopping like a fish on a line, and his closed fist was lost in Lennie’s big hand. George ran down the room. â€Å"Leggo of him, Lennie. Let go.† But Lennie watched in terror the flopping little man whom he held. Blood ran down Lennie’s face, one of his eyes was cut and closed. George slapped him in the face again and again, still Lennie held on to the closed fist. Curley was white and shrunken by now, and his struggling had become weak. He stood crying, his fist lost in Lennie’s paw. George shouted over and over, â€Å"Leggo his hand, Lennie. Leggo. Slim, come help me while the guy got any hand left.† Suddenly Lennie let go his hold. He crouched cowering against the wall. â€Å"You tol’ me to, George,† he said miserably. Curley sat down on the floor, looking in wonder at his crushed hand. Slim and Carlson bent over him. Then Slim straightened up and regarded Lennie with horror. â€Å"We got to get him to a doctor,† he said. â€Å"Looks to me like ever’ bone in his han’ is bust†¦.† The fight started after Carlson said to Curley, â€Å"†¦You’re as yella as a frog†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Then after Candy joins in saying to Curley in disgust, â€Å"†¦Glove fulla Vaseline†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This makes Curley feel angry that everyone is saying this to him. He notices that Lennie is smiling, he think that he is smiling at Curley so he orders him to his feet and begins fighting with Lennie. Lennie is too scared to fight back and just stands there. Steinbeck makes a comment of Lennie being animal like, â€Å"†¦He stood crying, his fist lost in Lennie’s paw†¦.† Steinbeck descries Lennie as being like a bear being very powerful; once Lennie had hold of something or someone he won’t let go. Just like the girl in Weed, the little mouse, Curley’s hand, the little brown and whit puppy and Curley’s wife in the end. The next time Curley’s wife is sexually provocative towards Lennie is when she goes in to Crooks room trying to find out where her husband has gone. â€Å"†¦She stood still in the doorway, smiling a little at them, rubbing the nails of one of her hand with the thumb and forefinger of the other. And her eyes travelled from one face to another. â€Å"They left all the week ones here,† she said finally. â€Å"Think I don’t know where they all went? Even Curley. I know where they all went.† Lennie watched he, fascinated; but Candy and Crooks were scowling down away from her eyes. Candy said, â€Å"Then if you know, why you want to ast us where Curley is at?†¦Ã¢â‚¬  You can tell that Curley’s wife is sexually provocative towards Lennie and she calls him a â€Å"dum-dum† then stands in the doorway flirting with the â€Å"weak ones†. Candy and Crooks were scowling down away from her eyes where as Lennie was fascinated by her, that shows his feeling towards her, being different from the other two men. The next time Curley’s wife is sexually provocative towards Lennie is when she goes in to the barn where Lennie is playing with his new puppy, while everyone is in a horseshoes competition. The two are alone in the barn together for the first time. â€Å"†¦ Curley’s wife moved away from him a little. â€Å"I think you’re nuts,† she said. â€Å"No I ain’t,† Lennie explained earnestly. â€Å"George says I ain’t. I like to pet nice things with my fingers, sof’ things.† She was a little bit reassured. â€Å"Well, how don’t?† She said. â€Å"Ever’ body likes that. I like to feel silk an’ velvet. Do you like to feel velvet?† Lennie chuckled with pleasure. â€Å"You bet, by God,† he cried happily. â€Å"An’ I had some, too. A lady gave me some, an’ that lady was – my own Aunt Clara. She gave it right to me-‘ about this big a piece. I wished I had that velvet right now.† A frown came over his face. â€Å"I lost it,† he said. â€Å"Ain’t seen it for a long time.† Curley’s wife laughed at him. â€Å"You’re nuts,† she said. â€Å"But you’re kinda nice fe lla. Jus’ like a big baby. But a person can see kinda what you mean. When I’m doin’ my hair sometimes I jus’ set an’ stroke it’ cause it’s soft†. To show how she did it, she ran her fingers over the top of her head. â€Å"Some people got kinda coarse hair,† she said complacently. â€Å"Take Curley. His hair is jus’ like wire. But mine is soft and fine. ‘Course I brush it a lot. That makes it fine. Here- feel right here.† She took Lennie’s hand and put it on her head. â€Å"Feel right aroun’ there an’ see how soft it is.† Lennie’s big fingers fell to stroking her hair. â€Å"Don’t you muss it up,† she said. Lennie said â€Å"Oh! That’s nice,† and he stroked harder. â€Å"Oh, that’s nice.† â€Å"Look out, now, you’ll muss it.† And then she cried angrily, â€Å"You stop it now, you’ll mess it all up.† She jerked her head sideways, and Lennie’s fingers closed on her hair and hung on. â€Å"Let go,† she cried. â€Å"You let go!† Lennie was in a panic. His face was contorted. She screamed then, and Lennie’s other hand closed over her mouth and nose. â€Å"Please don’t,† he begged. â€Å"Oh! Please don’t do that. George’ll be mad.† She struggled violently under his hands. Her feet battered on the hay and she writhed to be free; and from under Lennie’s hand came a muffled screaming. Lennie began to cry with fright. â€Å"Oh! Pleas don’t do non of that,† he begged. â€Å"George gonna say I done a bad thing. He ain’t gonna let me tend no rabbits.† He moved his hand a little and her hoarse cry came out. Then Lennie grew angry. â€Å"Now don’t,† he said. â€Å"I don’t want you to yell. You gonna get me in trouble jus’ like George says you will. Now don’t you do that.† And she continued to struggle, and her eyes were wild with terror. He shook her then, and he was angry with her. â€Å"Don’t you go yellin’,† he said and shook her; and her body flopped like a fish. And then she was still, for Lennie had broken her neck. He looked down at her, and carefully he removed his hands from over her mouth, and she lay still. â€Å"I don’t want ta hurt you,† he said. â€Å"But George’ll be mad if you yell.† When she didn’t answer nor move he bent closely over her. He lifted her arm and let it drop. For a moment he seemed bewildered. And then he whispered in fright, â€Å"I done a bad thing. I done a bad thing.† He pawed up the hay until it partly covered her†¦Ã¢â‚¬  All the trouble starts when she tries to be nice to Lennie by comforting him about the dead pup. When the two get talking they both go on about different thing, not really communicating just talking about their own problems. They both find that they have something in common which are soft things and even thou she know the strength of Lennie and that she thinks he’s nuts she still encourage him to play with her hair. When Curley wife starts to scream Lennie does what he’s done in the past, squeezed the life out of it just like the mice, woman in Weed, Little pup and Curley’s hand. Steinbeck describes the attack by Lennie on Curley and Curley’s wife in the same way, â€Å"Like I fish† which when you think of a limp fish it does nothing and is useless. Finally the next time Curley’s wife is contributes towards Lennie’s death is when she is dead as Lennie know that George will not be happy with him. â€Å"†¦ I done a real bad thing,† he said. â€Å"I shouldn’t of did that. George’ll be mad. An’†¦he said†¦an’ hide in the brush till he come. He’s gonna be mad. In the brush till he come. Tha’s what he said.† Lennie went back and looked at the dead girl. The puppy lay close to her. Lennie picked it up. â€Å"I’ll throw him away,† he said. â€Å"It’s bad enough like it is.† He put the pup under his coat, and he crept to the barn wall and peered out between the cracks, toward the horseshoe game. And then he crept around the end of the last manger and disappeared†¦.† After killing Curley’s wife Lennie knows that George will not be happy with what he has done, killing the pup and well as Curley’s wife. He remembers to go and hide and decided that he must hide the dog. Finally the next time Curley shows his physical aggression towards Lennie is when he finds out his wife had been killed. â€Å"†¦Curley came suddenly to life. â€Å"I know who done it,† he cried. â€Å"That big son-of-a-bitch done it. I know he done it. Why- ever’ body else was out there playin’ horseshoes.† He worked himself into a fury. â€Å"I’m gonna get him. I’m going for my shotgun. I’ll kill the big-son-of-a-bitch myself. I’ll shoot ‘im in the guts. Come on, you guys.† He ran furiously out of the barn†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"†¦Slim stood looking down at Curley’s wife. He said, â€Å"Curley- maybe you better stay here with your wife.† Curley’s face reddened. â€Å"I’m goin’,† he said. â€Å"I’m gonna shoot the guts outta that big bastard myself, even if I only got one hand. I’m gonna get ‘im†¦.† When Curley finds out his wife has been killed by Lennie he feel humiliated by this and the fact that it’s happened twice make him want revenge more. The fact that he dose not care about his wife, the fact that Slim touches his wife to find out what is up with her and to make sure she is dead. If he did care about her as well then he would have not cared about going out to kill Lennie he would have wanted to stay with his wife. Steinbeck makes Curley sound like a cold man who just wants Lennie dead. Although Lennie is shot by George in the end as Steinbeck make you fell that George ought to do it him self. As earlier in the book when Candy lets someone kill his dog he regrets it from the first moment and say that he should have killed it himself. From what I have found within of mice and men Curley is physically aggressive towards Lennie, while his wife is sexually provocative. These two characters create trouble for Lennie from the start and combine to cause his death in the end. Curley’s physically aggression towards Lennie that helps to causes his death in the end was: * The first meeting with George and Lennie * Looking for a fight with someone * After wife is killed he still want to get Lennie Curley’s wife sexually provocative towards Lennie which helps to causes his death in the end were: * The first meeting with George and Lennie * When Lennie is with Candy and Crooks in the bunk house * At the end when both of them are in the barn alone together * Even when she is dead as Lennie knows that George will be mad at him I feel that they both help to contribute towards Lennie’s death in the end both in different way.

Relationship between algae and tidepool chemistry

Relationship between algal cover and water chemistry in rockroses Mad Mukluks Mad Midair ABSTRACT Interstitial Rockford is one of the harshest environment in marine ecosystem. Most of the organisms living in it has to have adoptions to survive in harsh conditions, especially algal. A research was done to see if biotic factors such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, temperature and pH value could have a significant correlation with total percentage of algal cover. Initial hypothesis was dissolved oxygen and pH value are correlated to total algal cover.Each pool sample's water hammiest were measured and tested for 2 day period. The correlation between dissolved oxygen and algal cover is weak, proving that dissolved oxygen is not fairly important, where pH value has stronger correlation than the other chemical property tested. Most of the rockroses observed has high percentage cover of coralline algal. INTRODUCTION Rocky shore are coastal shores that are consists of hard substrates. It i s regarded as the most ecological part of the marine system (Library et al, 2012).Rocky shore has three zone; low, mid and high with variety of communities living on each interstitial matrix (Phenylalanine's, 2007). High interstitial zone has rockroses and go to several months without being replenished from the seawater (McAllen & Taylor, 2001). Interstitial Rockford have a relative stable environment where that has few changes in terms of physical conditions when the water reaches low tide (Kemp, 2009). Both McAllen & Taylor (2001) and Berkshire et al (1987) stated that rockroses undergoes many extreme physic-chemical conditions and few organisms are able to live in rockroses.These biotic factors have a significant influence in community dynamics and population (Theatrical, 2002). Thus, it has large abundance of specialized tax vying in rockroses, such as algae (Murals, 2013). The water chemistry of rockroses fluctuates rapidly when low tide, particularly oxygen concentration, pH v alue, temperature and salinity. Temperature and salinity is important for algae, whereas oxygen concentration and pH value is produced by algae. Oxygen is important to all living organism and the availability of oxygen in rockroses is low, which can lead to hypoxia to organisms living in it (Berkshire et al, 1987).However, high algal cover could increase the saturation level of oxygen in rockroses, but there is little research done on hyperemia on rockroses. Algae requires sunlight and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, which in return produce more oxygen in rockroses. It will also produce hydrogen, which makes the Rockford more acidic. Temperature is also important, because the temperature in rockroses is relatively higher than normal seawater temperature. Increasing temperature could affect the algae in terms of physiology and actions of algae (Library et al, 2012).According to Kemp (2009), increasing water temperature can be caused by long exposure from sunlight and also the loca tion of Rockford. In a study done by Kemp at the coast of South Africa, he water temperature in rockroses were ranging from low ICC to high ICC during peak hours. Nowhere (1998) specified that sunlight has a tremendous effect on primary production in the aquatic system in rockroses. Salinity also can affect the water chemistry of rockroses.The changing level salinity of rockroses are varied according to location and geographically and it can be caused either by input from seawater during high tide, evaporation and terrestrial runoff or rainfall (Kemp, 2009). Ended et al (2014) showed that salinity has large role in terms of species richness in rockroses. The purpose of this study is to investigate if the total algal cover is being affected by the water chemistry in rockroses during low tide. The aim of this experiment is to observe the relationships between algal cover and water chemistry, especially dissolved oxygen concentration.I expected to see high level of oxygen saturation in rockroses due to photosynthesis. I also expecting high algal cover in alkaline rockroses. Since there is few fauna living in rockroses, I do not take them as measurement in this experiment because I more interested in functional algal group. From this, I deduced a hypothesis for this experiment. The hypothesis is percentage of algal cover is positively correlated with pH value and dissolved oxygen and negatively correlated with salinity and temperature.METHOD Location The study site was at Cape Palliates, southern most point in North Island and the experiment ran for three days, from February 1st to February 3rd 2014. Pool sample A transect line of 50 meter was laid out across the high rocky shore and began find suitable Rockford samples. I try to locate good pools sample with pool criteria of a depth of 1 CM, area around 2-mm and the presence of algal cover per pool. I assure depth of each pool by measuring the depth 3 times at different deepest point in the pool to obtain an aver age depth.The length of the pool is measured across by a measuring tape. A total of twelve pools that quite meet the measuring criteria similar were marked at high shore in a two day period. As a reference, one pool sample from lower rocky shore was marked and measured to compare water chemistry only. After pools were marked, a CACM x CACM quadrant were put on the pool, a Perspex glass layer with 25 random points were put on top of the quadrant. The quadrant is used to measure percentage of algal cover and functional algal cover y using point intercept method.Each pool sample has it chemical properties measured on the 2nd and 3rd of February Measurement of oxygen concentration Measurement of oxygen concentration was made by using a portable oxygen measurer that is measured twice, one when the water reached low tide and one an hour later for a maximum exposure from the environment. Measurement of salinity Measurement of Rockford salinity was made by using a refractors. The salinity w as measured twice, one when the water reached low tide and one an hour later for a maximum exposure from the environment. Measurement of temperatureThe temperature of the Rockford was measured by using a simple thermometer twice, one when the water reached low tide and one an hour later for a maximum exposure from the environment. Measurement of pH value The pH value of the Rockford is measured using a pH meter and measured twice, one when the water reached low tide and one an hour later for a maximum exposure from the environment. However, while measuring the chemical properties of Rockford, I discovered that 5 out the 12 pool sample has geographical problems, such as drainage, constant terrestrial runoff and shadowed that will alter findings.It was decided that problem pool samples was not counted, and 7 remaining sample is used for the experiment. Statistical analysis I used ASS Enterprise Guide 5. 1 to obtain the linear regression to see the relationship between algal cover with 4 water chemistry; percentage of dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature and pH value. I also will use ASS to obtain the p-value of each correlation, regression (RE) and F ratio for each correlation. RESULTS Table 1 : measurement of water chemistry of pool sample at low tide after being exposed Pool sample pH value Temperature (co) salinity (US) Relationship between algae and tidepool chemistry Relationship between algal cover and water chemistry in rockroses Mad Mukluks Mad Midair ABSTRACT Interstitial Rockford is one of the harshest environment in marine ecosystem. Most of the organisms living in it has to have adoptions to survive in harsh conditions, especially algal. A research was done to see if biotic factors such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, temperature and pH value could have a significant correlation with total percentage of algal cover. Initial hypothesis was dissolved oxygen and pH value are correlated to total algal cover.Each pool sample's water hammiest were measured and tested for 2 day period. The correlation between dissolved oxygen and algal cover is weak, proving that dissolved oxygen is not fairly important, where pH value has stronger correlation than the other chemical property tested. Most of the rockroses observed has high percentage cover of coralline algal. INTRODUCTION Rocky shore are coastal shores that are consists of hard substrates. It i s regarded as the most ecological part of the marine system (Library et al, 2012).Rocky shore has three zone; low, mid and high with variety of communities living on each interstitial matrix (Phenylalanine's, 2007). High interstitial zone has rockroses and go to several months without being replenished from the seawater (McAllen & Taylor, 2001). Interstitial Rockford have a relative stable environment where that has few changes in terms of physical conditions when the water reaches low tide (Kemp, 2009). Both McAllen & Taylor (2001) and Berkshire et al (1987) stated that rockroses undergoes many extreme physic-chemical conditions and few organisms are able to live in rockroses.These biotic factors have a significant influence in community dynamics and population (Theatrical, 2002). Thus, it has large abundance of specialized tax vying in rockroses, such as algae (Murals, 2013). The water chemistry of rockroses fluctuates rapidly when low tide, particularly oxygen concentration, pH v alue, temperature and salinity. Temperature and salinity is important for algae, whereas oxygen concentration and pH value is produced by algae. Oxygen is important to all living organism and the availability of oxygen in rockroses is low, which can lead to hypoxia to organisms living in it (Berkshire et al, 1987).However, high algal cover could increase the saturation level of oxygen in rockroses, but there is little research done on hyperemia on rockroses. Algae requires sunlight and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, which in return produce more oxygen in rockroses. It will also produce hydrogen, which makes the Rockford more acidic. Temperature is also important, because the temperature in rockroses is relatively higher than normal seawater temperature. Increasing temperature could affect the algae in terms of physiology and actions of algae (Library et al, 2012).According to Kemp (2009), increasing water temperature can be caused by long exposure from sunlight and also the loca tion of Rockford. In a study done by Kemp at the coast of South Africa, he water temperature in rockroses were ranging from low ICC to high ICC during peak hours. Nowhere (1998) specified that sunlight has a tremendous effect on primary production in the aquatic system in rockroses. Salinity also can affect the water chemistry of rockroses.The changing level salinity of rockroses are varied according to location and geographically and it can be caused either by input from seawater during high tide, evaporation and terrestrial runoff or rainfall (Kemp, 2009). Ended et al (2014) showed that salinity has large role in terms of species richness in rockroses. The purpose of this study is to investigate if the total algal cover is being affected by the water chemistry in rockroses during low tide. The aim of this experiment is to observe the relationships between algal cover and water chemistry, especially dissolved oxygen concentration.I expected to see high level of oxygen saturation in rockroses due to photosynthesis. I also expecting high algal cover in alkaline rockroses. Since there is few fauna living in rockroses, I do not take them as measurement in this experiment because I more interested in functional algal group. From this, I deduced a hypothesis for this experiment. The hypothesis is percentage of algal cover is positively correlated with pH value and dissolved oxygen and negatively correlated with salinity and temperature.METHOD Location The study site was at Cape Palliates, southern most point in North Island and the experiment ran for three days, from February 1st to February 3rd 2014. Pool sample A transect line of 50 meter was laid out across the high rocky shore and began find suitable Rockford samples. I try to locate good pools sample with pool criteria of a depth of 1 CM, area around 2-mm and the presence of algal cover per pool. I assure depth of each pool by measuring the depth 3 times at different deepest point in the pool to obtain an aver age depth.The length of the pool is measured across by a measuring tape. A total of twelve pools that quite meet the measuring criteria similar were marked at high shore in a two day period. As a reference, one pool sample from lower rocky shore was marked and measured to compare water chemistry only. After pools were marked, a CACM x CACM quadrant were put on the pool, a Perspex glass layer with 25 random points were put on top of the quadrant. The quadrant is used to measure percentage of algal cover and functional algal cover y using point intercept method.Each pool sample has it chemical properties measured on the 2nd and 3rd of February Measurement of oxygen concentration Measurement of oxygen concentration was made by using a portable oxygen measurer that is measured twice, one when the water reached low tide and one an hour later for a maximum exposure from the environment. Measurement of salinity Measurement of Rockford salinity was made by using a refractors. The salinity w as measured twice, one when the water reached low tide and one an hour later for a maximum exposure from the environment. Measurement of temperatureThe temperature of the Rockford was measured by using a simple thermometer twice, one when the water reached low tide and one an hour later for a maximum exposure from the environment. Measurement of pH value The pH value of the Rockford is measured using a pH meter and measured twice, one when the water reached low tide and one an hour later for a maximum exposure from the environment. However, while measuring the chemical properties of Rockford, I discovered that 5 out the 12 pool sample has geographical problems, such as drainage, constant terrestrial runoff and shadowed that will alter findings.It was decided that problem pool samples was not counted, and 7 remaining sample is used for the experiment. Statistical analysis I used ASS Enterprise Guide 5. 1 to obtain the linear regression to see the relationship between algal cover with 4 water chemistry; percentage of dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature and pH value. I also will use ASS to obtain the p-value of each correlation, regression (RE) and F ratio for each correlation. RESULTS Table 1 : measurement of water chemistry of pool sample at low tide after being exposed Pool sample pH value Temperature (co) salinity (US)

Youtube-The Democratization of Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Youtube-The Democratization of Art - Essay Example It provided various benefits to people. It served as a way to communication and knowledge among people. The trends of a country keep on changing; similar to that effect of mass communication has changed the history and past trends of pop culture. People are moving more towards internet, mobile, websites for social gathering and information. Presently, every individual have considered it to be a popular culture to join other groups through face book, twitter, creating blogs and promoting their opinion by uploading videos. 1.2 Contemporary pop culture Pop culture is the combination of perspectives, ideas, attitudes, images and other such things, which is an informal consensus of our culture, mainly western culture of 20th century. It also reflects the past trends as well as the trends of 21st century. It is heavily influenced by mass media. It is the only factor which affects culture of the society. Perception of people keeps on changing due to the influence of mass media. Various new ideas of mass media affect attitude and perception of the society. Though it has been adopted very frequently, there has been vast criticism on it from various sources mainly from countercultural and religious groups. Pop culture began by providing a meaning of culture to lower classes; this usage was established in antebellum period. 1.3 Changes in the cultural landscape There has been a drastic change in the cultural landscape of every country due to mass communication and media. ... Folkfores are going more towards commercial elements on face book, twitters, blogs, YouTube etc. This change in culture has not only affected individuals but as well as business sectors. Industries are using these websites to attract customers rather than preferring traditional promotional methods. The belief and opinions based on society, cinemas, social gathering is gradually fading away and people are dependent more on portable facilities of websites. 1.4 Current trends Current trends of culture are mainly affected by mass communication which is mainly originated from United States. Pop culture was abbreviated in the late dates of 1960s. Though there have been many changes in the cultural trends since last decades. Culture has been greatly influenced by changing evolution of mass media. Presently, people prefer to adopt face book, YouTube, blogs and twitter. It has become a popular culture among people for socialization. Presently mass media have been characterized in seven branch es i.e. internet, television, print, mobile phones, radio, cinema and recordings. Out of these people are more addicted towards internet and mobile phones. Internet media have provided the facility of websites such as face book, YouTube and twitter, blogging etc. because of this reason presently organizations are focusing in having their outlets on web. Another current trend which has been facilitated thorough websites is online shopping. People consider it one of the most popular cultures to do shopping online rather than visiting places. This changed trend has affected all generation’s even teenagers by offering various online games through internet. One of the current culture businesses have adopted is using twitter in order to promote companies

Among all of the political leaders studied in class who do you think Essay

Among all of the political leaders studied in class who do you think represent the true characteristics of a good leadership and why do you think the rest of t - Essay Example A leader should have a clear vision in his mind about where he is standing right now and how far he has to go to pursue his dreams. He must have the quality to translate his vision into solid form. Without having a clear picture in his mind one cannot achieve the desired goal. Only vision is not sufficient to get the job done. The leader should form a team of experts who will deliver. The erstwhile chairman of General Electric Company has very rightly pointed out that "Good leaders create a vision, articulate the vision, passionately own the vision and relentlessly drive it to completion." The leader should be disciplined, hard working and has the burning desire to pursue his dreams. Action can be termed as the focal point of a leader. A good leader always puts in efforts in pursuance of his vision and influences others to do with the same zeal and enthusiasm. A true leadership gives the credit where the credit is due. He takes the ownership of good or bad actions. He cannot be absolved himself from any failure. As a team leader, he passes on the bucket of fruits of success to his team mates and takes the blame of any of his follies. He treats himself at par with other fellow citizens. He believes in that only good deeds can make them popular amongst the people. In this respect, we may quote here the name of Asian Leader, Mahatma Gandhi. He should be good listener as far as the ideas of others are concerned. He has every right to accept the ideas or reject it but with cogent reasons. The openness policy surely opens the doors of mutual trust and respect between the leaders and the followers. Â   A good leader should be clear in his statement in order to avoid any misunderstanding. He should be firm in achieving the desired results. According to survey conducted by the Americans Psychological Association, the most common weaknesses found in the

National cinemas are structurally marginal, fragile and dependent on Essay

National cinemas are structurally marginal, fragile and dependent on outside help. What value, if any, does a national cinema ha - Essay Example Everyone benefits from a lively national film industry, from those who are involved in making the movies to those who watch and even society as a whole, since ideas are transmitted from films to viewers to people around them. One very clear indication of the importance of financial support is the case of Alberta, Canada. In 1973 Alberta created its own provincial film board to encourage Alberta film productions at the advice of the National Film Board. The other provinces immediately followed the success of this plan, so Canada had both a National and Provincial film funding in each province, and it was important, because Canada’s regions are all different. The ethnic and national heritage of different regions stems from different waves of immigration plus the added cultures of the First nations People. Despite its phenomenal success until 1996, Ralph Klein went on a cost cutting spree and cut out the funding in 1996. The Alberta film industry went from a very successful $150- million in 1995 to $50-million by 1997 (FRASER, 2011). 2/3s of the production moved to British Columbia. Even the Alberta and national governments lost money on this deal, since the Alberta industry had created more tax income then the cost of the funding. Once the funding dried up the talent followed the industry move to BC. â€Å"Film is capable of both painting and shaping society.†(Bellucci, 2010) It is a well researched conclusion that film that records aspects of any conflict feeds an â€Å"us vs them† perception and tends to become a symbol of culture and create an â€Å"ethos of conflict† (Benziman, 2013). This can have an interactively reciprocal effect on how the different factions perceive the conflict, and on the culture as a whole. "The conflict shapes national identity, while changes in national identity influence the course of the conflict." (Bar-Tal, Raviv, Raviv, and Dgani-Hirsh 2009; Bar-tal 2010) So movies that depict present or past conflicts change how they are viewed and how the participants feel about themselves and others. The conflict does not have to be armed, or even serious, but just its existence and the acknowledgement of the differences and the perceptions of one being superior effects the national attitudes. This changes the â€Å"National Narrative† of the countries involved, which, in turn changes future history. Because the EU was created to encourage fair trade without tariffs. Any state subsidy or tax benefits essentially breaks this rule. However, because of the perceived need for support of cultural activities in the member states, the European Union introduced the Maastricht Treaty. It allows member states to support independent films important to their cultures. The idea was to allow member states to support non-commercial film making as long as trade and economies were not directly affected. However, some problems developed when defining what kinds of films would qualify. France and the UK w ere the main dissenters. France considers all film to be cultural and necessary, so wants to support all film, even commercial productions. The creation of a definition of â€Å"difficult films† for beginning enterprises, whach are considered worthy of support, was not enough for them. The UK adopted a very detailed definition of a â€Å"difficult film† using the possibility of profit, the size of the target audience and the popularity of the subject matter as criteria. Basically, the idea was to

Religion and Theology. Hinduism and Buddhism Assignment

Religion and Theology. Hinduism and Buddhism - Assignment Example It was not until the 19th century when the British colonial administration in India started referring to Hinduism as a form of religion. Hinduism was used as a description for the various religious beliefs and practices of the majority of Indian people (Rinehart, 2004). Despite the dynamics that he religion has undergone, the religion is believed to be more than 4000 years old, tracing bhack to the early Indian valley civilization. Traditionally, the religion is believed to be timeless, as the old people found it in practice. Fundamental spiritual beliefs Hindus believe in in one Supreme Being according to their traditions is both imminent and transcendent. According to the Hindu religious beliefs, the Supreme Being is both their creator and is of Unmanifest reality who deserves their respect (Rinehart, 2004). The Hindus believe in the divinity of the four Vedas, which are the oldest and most ancient elements of scripture in the world. Further, they venerate the Agamas as revealed in an equal measure. They treat these as primordial hymns of God which forms the bedrock of Santana Dharma, a form of an eternal religion. According to the Hindu beliefs, the soul reincarnates, evolving through many beliefs. However, the reincarnation trend stops after the resolution of all karmas. They also believe in moksha, which is the liberation from the rebirth cycle that takes place after the end of the reincarnation process. Since the process is continuous and evolutionary in every soul, not a single soul can be denied of its destiny (Fisher, 2014). Spiritual Practices of Hinduism In Hindu, an individual’s personal spiritual practice is referred to as sadhana which is used to refer to the means of accomplishing individual goals. It recognizes adhikara, which means that every person holds a very unique position in life that is different from that of other people. Therefore, God exists in different forms, which gives people the freedom to feel attracted to one God and lea ve the rest. Similarly there are different forms of yoga, just like there are different forms of God, which are not similar to one another. Therefore, the Hindu spiritual practice varies from one person to another. Spiritual practices to the include prayer, meditation, going on pilgrimage, bathing, fasting, practicing acts of charity, chanting mantra, reading of the scripture and performing ones’ daily work. How Hindu is practiced today Many Hinduism traditional practices have remained to date (Fisher, 2014). However several adjustments have been made to suit the religion in the modern context. For instance, in schools years, Brahmacharga is a common practice that focuses on instilling knowledge and developing the character of the people. How Hindu is practiced around the world Due to immigration to different parts of the world, the Hindu religion and its practices have also spread all over the world to areas such as Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Guyana, Trinidad, Tobago, Fij i, Mauritius, among others. Rinehart (2004) points out that the various practices of the religion practiced in these areas include sadhana, which is an individual practice of cultivating spirituality and Japa, which is a silent or an audible practice of repeating a mantra. Buddhism Origin It is believed that Buddhism originated from the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, who was known as the Buddha in the years between ca 624-544. In his teachings, Gautama was opposed to the idea of man having an immortal soul. Moreover, his teachings did not touch on any Supreme Deity. In his teachings, Buddha insisted that man could overcome greed, hatred and delusion to attain enlightenment practicing the Four Noble Truths and

Quality Management as a Global Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8500 words

Quality Management as a Global Issue - Essay Example Such issues require an organizational change initiative and have mostly been undertaken by the private sector, or at least research suggests so. However, not much research is available on the extent that public institutions have implemented quality management. The health-care sector in Saudi Arabia is a very vital sector where quality is a critical issue. Quality health care is a basic human right and based on this principle, Saudi hospitals to have joined the movements towards quality management. They expect that such a strategy would help to overcome organizational deficiencies amidst shrinking budgets (Al-ahmadi & Roland, 2005). Total quality management (TQM) is one such management practice that can help improve health organizational performance. There is no universally accepted definition of TQM and varies across researchers and philosophers and quality experts. Nevertheless, it has been considered as a philosophy for managing organizations (Hill and Wilkinson, 1995; Dean and Bowen, 1994) and most agree on certain core TQM concepts (Waldman, 1993). These core concepts include: 4. Involvement, support and guidance of senior management demonstrating their commitment towards TQM along with the importance of leadership necessary to achieve successful TQM (Johnson, 1990; Juran 1989; Waldman, 1993); Ho and Shih (1999) conducted a review of the works of quality proponents. This study revealed shared principles and certain assumptions of TQM commonly shared by all. The authors surmised that a customer-centric approach is essential to achieve TQM. This implies that both the products and the services should be customized to meet the customer needs and expectations. To meet the long-term objectives of organizational success, a customer-focused approach is essential. The authors also found that process improvement should be an ongoing process in the organization. This principle is based on  the two-fold argument: a) ongoing quality and process improvement lead to customer satisfaction and b) in the long run high-quality products and services have proven to be cost-effective as the resources required are less than for an inferior quality product.  

Personal Safety in Kensington Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Personal Safety in Kensington - Essay Example As such fear of being a victim of a less serious crime has significantly contributed to behaviour change in residents of Kingston. 2,2 The Crime and Disorder Act of 1988 and The Police Reform Act of 2002 vested power and responsibility within the police force to work hand in hand with other agencies in a bid to develop a three year strategy that was meant to promote safety in the communities (Home Office, 2004). The need to monitor levels of public concern was also increased after the introduction of the Licensing Act 2003, Anti Social Behaviour Act 2004 and Government Strategy for reduction of Harm 2004. An emphasis on the need to strengthen the monitoring challenges arising for new anti social behaviour is found in A New Partnership 2008 -2011 (Home Office, 2008) in conjunction with the studies that were suggested by Kingston police as well as community members. 2.3 The Police and Justice Act 2006 resulted in the amendment of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 prioritises the aspect o f partnerships where a Strategy Group with a certain level of membership is responsible for undertaking strategic assessments on a yearly basis. The issues of concern which are identified through this strategic assessment are put forward in a three year Strategic Plan. The Partnership Plan is comprised of the following aspects: crime and disorder reduction strategy, dealing with unwanted elements of misuse are some of the elements earmarked to be covered by the Partnership Plan over the period of three years. Thus, according to the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames Partnership plan 2008/11, there are six areas which are given prominence and these include the following: misuse of alcohol, misuse of drugs, unbecoming behaviour, violence against others, domestic violence, crime related to hate as well as crime committed by youths. 2.4 The use of CCTV across the United Kingdom has been adopted as a strategy to fight crime since these are used to monitor the events obtaining on the g round. Thus, in May 1998, Kensington introduced a centralised CCTV from a controlled center and this system has been extended to the other communities in the neighbourhood and the cameras are used to cover the shopping centers as well as railway stations (Lazell, 2009). 2.5 Since 1998 when the first Kingston Thames Crime audit was unveiled, this objective was attained through constant surveillance of the town center as well as district offices. The study links with surveillance programmes and it looks at the changes in the perceptions of the people about their concerns for safety in Kingston in 2012 February. Target population and survey design 3.1 A study about personal safety in Kensington was conducted on 17 February 2012 and 24 February 2012 by the Kingston University’s Students from the School of Social sciences (Herrick, 2012). Just like in previous years, quota samples were drawn on the basis of people who are more vulnerable to attacks such as the elderly, cyclists, p re-schoolchildren, disabled people, minority groups as well as the ordinary members of the public. The questionnaires were used to measure levels of concern of safety by individuals compared to recorded cases of victimisation. The victims of crime were also asked to

Mandatory Arbitration Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mandatory Arbitration - Coursework Example Given that I have a start up business on car detail, I cannot create a contract that with mandatory arbitration. This is because, mandatory arbitration requires one or more parties while in this situation there is only one party which is me. Secondly, having been a smart entrepreneur, I have been trading on used equipment in order to keep my expenses as low as possible. Since, I was ecstatic when I did find a carpet cleaning machine for vehicles on craigslist. When I drove for three hours to the outskirts of Kansas City, so that, I could pick up the machine that was for two thousand dollars The seller Sam Sneeky had made an advertisement to the effect that the machine had only been used for two times and was still in perfect condition. But, on returning to my shop, I was grossly disappointed on finding out that the machine wouldn’t even turn on. Since am so disappointed that I want Sam to refund my two thousand dollars. The best state that I would report my case to is Kansas in a court that enjoys the jurisdiction on this matter. This is due to the fact that, the case did arise in Kansas City. A number of legal issues are presented in the above highlight. For example, when I had made a decision to enhance my car detail business, I have settled on negotiating a contract with the some of the car rental companies. Given that, I can provide a detailed cleaning whenever any of the company is ready and willing to sell the vehicle. Having approached the ‘We Rent Cars’ company with this noble proposal, they did let me know that, whenever they hire any individual or company to work for them. They often demand that, a detailed contract be reached that outlines all the terms. For in stance, I should fill in detailed information about my service or company. The legal issue presented here is that, the agreement fails to bind since; it’s not formulated with the consent of

Cross Cultural Management in the Context of Business Objects Essay

Cross Cultural Management in the Context of Business Objects - Essay Example Every organization has a unique culture that gives it a special identity. Historically the word, ‘culture’, has been used differently in different subjects. Sometimes it is used to describe the sophistication of a person, whereas sometimes it is used by the anthropologists while they are describing the rituals and customs that different societies have developed over the passage of time. However, over the past few decades, the word is more used in organizational context. Experts and researchers have used the term in order to describe the practices and climate that have developed in the process of managing and handling the people in the organization (Schein, 2004). In today’s competitive business environment organizational culture is considered one of the most important factors that influence the individual performance and hence organizational performance. Management of culture becomes critical when there are people from different culture work together in the organi zation. Â  This paper is all about the management of organizational culture and various issues related to it in an organization named Business Objects. The report includes a brief overview of the organization and different problem regarding its culture. It also includes a detailed overview of the policy that should be implemented in the organization in order to solve and manage cross-cultural issues. Culture greatly influences the team performance especially when the team consists of people from the different cultural background. This report contains some possible solutions of problems regarding multicultural teams in the context of Business Objects. Â  Business Objects was established by Bernard Liautaud and one of his colleagues in 1990. The company started with software development.

Truth is bitter but better Essay Example for Free

Truth is bitter but better Essay Truth is the only weapon which can make a person win a battle. It is a pen that can write anything without anyones terror; it is a game in which who follows its one golden rule can never lose it; it is a tree that never loses its leaves; it is a river that cannot get filthy and dry in any season. Overall it can create heaven or else if not followed properly can ruin the whole world. It is said that to hide one lie we have to speak hundred more lies and thats true. A lie spoken intentionally means we need to speak several more lies to cover up that lie. And then also the truth comes out itself automatically. Everything has two sides, positive as well as negative. A coin has positive side of triumph and negative side of disaster also. If a person wins then he may also lose someday. If happiness is there then sadness is obvious. If a tree bear leaves then it also shed them. If one can stand then one can also fall. Taken as a whole, one can get to face anything in this whole world. Gandhiji said: Lying is the mother of violence. And it is true. In our daily life, as an instance, we meet our relatives and if they hide anything from us by telling anything which is not true and later we come to know then we turn violent and more aggressive. It leads to disrespect to the person. Truth was the only mother, father, son, daughter of the most widely known leader of the world- Gandhiji. He believed in truthfulness and he promoted its principle. And also it was obvious that for this single reason he was known worldwide. With this extraordinary weapon, he threw out the brutal and atrocious Britishers out of our country. He believed in the principle of Satyagraha which proved to be the most influential and imperative movement of the period. Gandhiji said:- I have nothing new to teach the world. Truth and non- violence are as old as the hills. And this is true as truth and lie are not the new concepts that the world has. It is as old as even more then hills and mountains. No one can teach the world the art of speaking truth and plus of the lies. They come out from within our heart. According to me, Nelson Mandela can also undertaken as a person who followed truth and won the whole world the price of peace, equality and oneness. He being a black became the president of ANC (African National Congress) and  also he won the Nobel Prize for his greatest achievement. He promoted equality among all the people on his principle that everyone is equal in the eyes of God. He was true in his outline as everyone is equal and equality in itself is also a truth. Also an example from our daily life, we are becoming more scientific these days but there are many people who still believe in superstitions. There are many misleading people who in the name of God hypnotize people in such a way that neither anyone comes to know about such thing nor the hypnotized is able to tell. But this is a bitter truth that those who follow anyone blindly have to face problems later in life. Even the person doing such illegal and superfluous acts are always caught and they can’t make fool of people for long. A recent example is of the person who was called as guruji in Punjab- Sarasa. He was popularly known all around the world. He had separated salokas which had very less verses praising God and more of praising himself. But the problem was that whatever he was doing was wrong, whatever he was saying was lie, whatever acts he was committing were illegal! And surprisingly a member from his own crew told the media that something was wrong going on at his place. Shockingly he used not to allow any of his disciple to talk to anyone because if they would do so then by chance if anyone else would hear it, then his acts would be held naked in the world and now this has happened, his popularity is decreasing also he is being disliked by the people now. This has not been the case in the present world but also during satyug (according to Hindu mythology) when Lord Rama were existing. He killed Ravana and placed truth over evil. He was cruel and so he did not win this battle of truth and evilness in spite of being so knowledgeable. This shows that truth wins and lies or evil faces disaster and fails. But this is a fact that this yug is kalyug and in this yug is lies or evilness is given the same importance as it is given to truth. They are considered one and the same. For example in the case of Jessica Lal, it was first being kept aside and with false statements it was tried to conclude. False statements and evil methods were adopted to sole this matter quickly and quietly. But unfortunately this could not happen. Truth may be kept behind for years and years but one day itself it would come up and the liar will have to face problem for his mistake. At last I would like to conclude that whatever be the case whether this or that we must not leave the path of truthfulness as this is the only way that would  lead us to place which is as beautiful as heaven and the other way would lead us to a place like hell. It depends on us which way we opt. Finally by analysis of the history and of the present world we come to know that we cannot hide truth for long and cannot follow fakeness for long. Thus, truths always triumph! Satya Meva Jayati! As we say that slow and steady wins the race we can say that Truthful and honest wins the race.

Singapore Assessing the impact of the regionalization strategy

Singapore Assessing the impact of the regionalization strategy Has the regionalization strategy succeeded in sustaining Singapores economic competitiveness in Asia for the period from 1995 to 2010? Explain your answer with supporting evidence. The formulation of national strategies to leverage upon global resources for economic development has always been part and parcel of Singapores drive to engender continued economic growth since independence in 1965, based upon the reallocation of economic resources via the Developmental State Model (Evans, 1995). To this end, the Singapore government engaged in foreign direct investment (FDI)-oriented growth models from the 1960s to the 1990s, investing in education, healthcare, and infrastructure to achieve economic growth and enhance the countrys economic competitiveness through the creation of a secure and pro-business environment. (Yeung, 2001) State investment on infrastructure and human capital was also seen as a means of benefiting from developmental effects such as the generation of employment, earning of foreign currency, and transfer of technological or managerial expertise (Chang, 1999). The subsequent onset of globalisation and advances in information and communication technologies (ICT) from the 1980s onwards led to structural changes among the economies of the developed world, necessitating a shift from labour-intensive, low value-added manufacturing towards high-tech, high value-added industries and financial services. At the same time, several governments in the region, including those of Malaysia and Indonesia, sought to liberalise their economies and capitalise on lower average labour, land, and raw material costs in order to attract foreign investors (Tongzon, 1998), emulating the FDI-oriented strategies adopted previously by the economies of Singapore, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. By 1990, rising labour and land costs in Singapore had led many transnational corporations to relocate their lower value-added operations to the regional newly-industrialising economies (NIEs), where overall operating costs were lower by as much as 75%. (Kumar Lee, 1991) The Singapore governments response vis-Ã  -vis this rising competition for capital investment in the industrial and manufacturing sectors was to ensure Singapores continued relevance in the new global marketplace despite her resource constraints and limited domestic market (Singapore Economic Development Board (SEDB), 1995a) by implementing new national strategies for economic development, marking the onset of the regionalisation strategy, aimed at creating an external economy through participation in the dynamic growth opportunities of regional economies in the Asia Pacific. (SEDB, 1995b). This essay aims to demonstrate that the regionalisation strategy has succeeded to a large extent in sustaining Singapores economic competitiveness in Asia for the period from 1995 to 2010, given its central role in facilitating Singapores transition from an export-oriented manufacturing centre to a knowledge-based economy and global business hub in the Asia Pacific, although it should be recognis ed that these regional initiatives do not reduce Singapores external dependence but instead augment her economic vulnerabilities. Regionalisation 2000 To harness external economic space and overcome local supply-side constraints (Regionalisation Forum Proceedings, 1993), the concept of Regionalisation 2000 was introduced in the 1990s to encourage greater investment and business in the Asia Pacific region, rationalised by the liberalisation of foreign investment controls occurring in large Asia Pacific markets such as China, Vietnam, and Indonesia, and by the high growth rates being achieved by these economies. (Okposin, 1999) Explicitly designed to enhance Singapores competitiveness within the regional and global economies (Wong Ng, 1997) given Singapores decreasing comparative advantages in the industrial and manufacturing sector due to its significantly higher labour, land, and raw material costs vis-Ã  -vis the Asian NIEs, Regionalisation 2000 consisted of programmes for creating a knowledge- and service-based economy via four main regional initiatives comprising regional headquartering, regionalisation of local enterprises, r egional investment, and regional industrialisation, with regional investments and regional industrialisation projects constituting the major transnational aspects of Singapores regionalisation drive. According to the Economic Development Board (1995), The strategic intent of the regionalization programme is to build an external economy that is closely linked to and which enhances the domestic economy by participating in the growth of Asia. This programme seeks to form a network of strategic zones in key markets with emphasis on building good linkages between our regional projects and domestic clusters. (SEDB, 1995, p. 8) The regionalisation strategy should therefore be conceptualised as an economic programme explicitly designed to carve out a new economic niche for sustaining Singapores competitiveness and relevance, particularly during a period when its former economic strength in manufacturing was being eroded by rising competition with Asian NIEs and structural changes in the world economy. In this regionalisation drive, as in prior economic development programmes, state intervention and collaboration played an important role, with the governments regional headquartering and regionalisation of local enterprises programmes representing instances of state intervention within national boundaries. Construed as the twin objectives of further internationalizing Singapores indigenous firms and assisting the transnational restructuring and cost-competitive endeavours of hosted foreign TNCs in an adaptive context (xxx), the government aimed to encourage foreign and local enterprises to invest and establish business ventures in the region, using Singapore as a headquarters for high value-added operations such as product development, customer support, and financial services. To this end, the government has invested in institutional infrastructure and the enhancement of local factors of production such as workforce quality (Ho, 2000), offering tax incentives and supporting services in its self-conceived role as stakeholder, facilitator, and partner (Perry Yeoh, 2000) to strengthen the competitive advantages of transnational corporations and domestic enterprises in their outward expansion into the region. To complement regional headquartering and the regionalisation of local enterprises, regional investment and regional industrialisation programmes were introduced to further facilitate Singapores embrace of economic globalisation through investment-driven economic growth (Porter, xxx) and economic restructuring through the relocation of local low value-added industries to Singapore-managed industrial parks in the region. Noting how some transnational corporations had been reluctant to relocate operations from Singapores secure business environment to the emerging NIEs due to a scarcity of high-quality industrial infrastructure and management (Kumar Lee, 1991), the Singapore government sought to build and manage industrial parks across Asia at locations such as Batam in Indonesia, Suzhou and Wuxi in China, at Bangalore in India, and in Thailand and Vietnam, combining Singapores expertise in industrial development with the low cost of regional land, labour, and raw materials, whilst ma ximising the use of savings and state revenue through investment in regional investments to further profit from the economic growth in Asia. Serving as interesting examples of government intervention outside of national boundaries, given their transnational nature, the governments intention to export Singapores expertise in industrial infrastructure development across the region (Perry, 1995) is therefore implicit in the regionalisation strategy, promoting regional economic linkages and the concept of Singapore Incorporated based upon close cooperation between the Singapore government and a wide range of Singapore business entities. Has the regionalization strategy succeeded in sustaining Singapores economic competitiveness in Asia for the period from 1995 to 2010? Explain your answer with supporting evidence. Regionalisation 2000- A Success? According to the Singapore Department of Statistics (2011), the first 15 years of the regionalisation drives implementation from 1995 to 2010 was characterised by overall strong GDP growth, from S$124,581.8m in 1995 to S$284,560.7m in 2010, with Singapore registering double-digit growth in 2010 from the previous year. Negative economic growth, however, occurred in the years 1998, 2001, and 2009, following poor regional or global economic performance, and this is attributable to Singapores vulnerabilities and dependence on external economies for economic growth. In terms of real economic growth, the states economic transition into a knowledge-based economy is evident from Figure 1, given the overall decreasing percentage share of manufacturing in GDP from the years 2000 to 2010, whilst business and financial services together account for approximately 22 percent of GDP as of 2010, on par with the percentage share held by manufacturing alone. FDI in Singapore has grown from strength to strength, pointing to a successful sustenance of foreign investment inflows by the governments regional headquartering strategies aimed at attracting high value-added industries and investment to enhance Singapores niche as a global business hub in the Asia Pacific. From 1995 to 2005, FDI in Singapore more than tripled from S$93b to S$311b, representing an average growth of 13% per annum, with FDI in professional, technical, administrative, and support services gaining importance and increasing from 1.7% to 3.1%. (Singapore Department of Statistics (SingStat), 2007). Europe, Asia, and North America constituted important sources of FDI, accounting for up to 82% of the total, with Asian FDI more than doubling from S$31b to S$74b (SingStat, 2007). Of this FDI, 87% was concentrated in diversified sectors such as financial and insurance services, high value-added manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, electronics, and petrochemicals, wholesale and retail trade, and hotels and restaurants, reflecting Singapores attractiveness to foreign investors as a business hub (SingStat, 2007). It can be surmised, therefore, that Regionalisation 2000 has succeeded in this regard, ensuring Singapores transformation into a regional business hub in the global market, sustaining its economic competitiveness in Asia through the creation of new economic niches in product development, customer support, and financial services for foreign and local enterprises. The other transnational aspect of Singapores regionalisation programme has, however, proved less successful. Direct investment abroad by Singapore has not managed to exceed levels of FDI in Singapore itself (Figure 3), indicating that the regional headquartering programme along with FDI were responsible to a large extent for Singapores economic growth over the past 15 years. The onset of the Asian Financial Crisis in 1998, in particular, significantly negated the regional industrialisation, regionalisation of local enterprises, and regional investment programmes, causing many projects to suffer financial loss due to a severe contraction in demand for industrial products from both consumers and producers in the region. (Henderson, 1999) Still, despite no actual reports of the regional industrialisation programme being profitable (xxx), and the absence of verifiable information on Singapores investment performance by Temasek Holdings and GIC in the long period spanning 1995 to 2010, it can be argued that the regional industrialisation programme was designed to supplement the domestic economy in the long run, since infrastructural projects require large initial investments of capital resources. The regional industrialisation programme brought about positive economic benefits, not least for those companies which relocated their lower value-added operations to the regional industrial parks, facilitating Singapores shift towards a higher-tech and higher value-added economy. In the case of the Batam Industrial Park, most of the enterprises that chose to occupy these it generally established additional units instead of shifting all operations overseas, and also tended to upgrade the remainder of their operations in Singapore (Kumar Lee, 1991) Furthermore, investors located in Singapore-developed industrial parks were reported to be highly satisfied with the operation and management of these industrial parks, especially in terms of cost savings (Kumar Lee, 1991). The regional industrialisation and regionalisation of local enterprises programmes thus served as strategic outlets for transnational and local corporations to reduce operating costs and improve profit margins, sustain ing Singapores economic competitiveness and relevance in the region to a large extent despite the limits of state intervention in transnational business environments. Instead of focusing solely on profits generated, a long-term view of Singapore Inc. indicates that it is built upon strong business fundamentals, as exemplified by the sound infrastructure and superior administration of the regional industrial parks. These offer the potential of future profits for the Singapore government in times of strong manufacturing demand for industrial products, having proven its feasibility based on the high take-up rate of industrial space in Singapore-developed industrial parks prior to the crisis, and growing demand for industrial units after 1999 (xxx). Evaluating Regionalisation 2000- A Success to a Large Extent Singapores regionalisation drive has therefore exposed her external dependence and vulnerabilities with regards to the external economic environment, which most negatively affected the regionalisation programme, rather than failings in the strategy itself. In contrast to the domestic success of the regional headquartering programmes in attracting FDI to Singapore, the experience of Singapores regionalisation strategy overseas has shown that the achievement of national competitiveness in the global economy cannot be brought about by the states policies and support alone, with the external environment and availability of global opportunities playing an equally important role, given the states limitations in economic, political, and social resources, and factors beyond its control in the regional economy and investor confidence. The Suzhou Industrial Park, in particular, has often been alluded to as an example of a foreign venture gone wrong, with the Singapore government divesting its ownership and management of the Park to the Suzhou municipal authorities. Much media attention has also been devoted to the financial losses incurred by Temasek Holdings in foreign investments and acquisitions, and these notable examples further demonstrate that the success of Singapores regionalisation drive does depend to a large extent on international economic cycles. The regionalisation strategy, though, has succeeded to a large extent in sustaining Singapores economic competitiveness in Asia for the years 1995 to 2010, mainly due to its success in ensuring Singapores continued relevance in the global economy by exploiting new economic niches. The overseas regionalisation initiatives hold the promise of success given their strong fundamentals, and possess potential for much greater returns, if not much greater risks, and are instrumental in Singapores embrace of economic globalisation if she desires not to be out-competed by NIEs in the region. Indeed, the main thrust of Singapores economic development since independence has been to thrive in change, and the overall success of the regionalisation programme is reflected in Singapores been ranked the worlds easiest place to do business. Singapore, too, is ranked among the top few when it comes to cities with best investment potential, foreign trade and investment, business legislation and efficiency, quality of human capital, and minimal corruption. (SEDB, 2011) To further sustain and improve its regional economic competitiveness in the years ahead would require Singapore to further improve its attractiveness to foreign FDI, given its success so far, particularly in the services sector, which is still relatively underdeveloped, and regional tourism, which is also seeing success since the opening of the two Integrated Resorts, with overall visitor numbers to Singapore increasing and reaching a peak of approximately 11m in 2010 (SingStats, 2011), indicating its potential. The years from 1995 to 2010 have also afforded the government extensive opportunities to adapt and modify its transnational investment strategies for maximal success in differing socio-political environments, allowing future success. Conclusion Singapore has, over the years, proven itself capable of mobilising economic, social, and political resources to create economic space, despite its resource constraints and small domestic market. Through regionalisation, it has managed to tap into the lower land, labour, and raw material costs of neighbouring NIEs in the region, ensuring its economic dominance through export of the Singapore Inc. concept throughout Asia and the world, making Singapore a top choice for transnational and local enterprises to do business today. The regionalisation strategy has therefore succeeded to a large extent in sustaining Singapores regional economic competitiveness since its onset, despite the cultural and political complexities of external economies diminishing the efficiency and commercial viability of overseas ventures in tandem with the uncontrolled external environment. These difficulties, however, are outweighed by the potential successes these ventures can bring if the Singapore government manages to learn from its errors, successfully creating an external economy which serves as a launching pad for Singapore into the global economy.

Cadbury Dairy Milk

Cadbury Dairy Milk Introduction Cadbury Dairy Milk is one of the world’s biggest confectionery company holds number one or two positions in the 50 largest global confectionery markets. They create chocolate, gum and candy brands. There are nearly 50,000 employees in over 60 countries and sell their products in markets everywhere around the world. History Cadbury Dairy Milk chocolate was first introduced in 1831. It became the market leader when it launched and started to sell chocolates. It is still the top selling chocolate brand in the country. Cadbury Mega Brands family product today has an international retail value approaching US $1billion. It is an international brand. Cadbury Dairy Milk carries the same distinctive image all over the world nearly 175 years. Wherever we buy a bar of Cadbury Dairy Milk the pack design will be exactly the same, only the language will be different. The famous slogan glass and a half of full cream milk in every half pound with the picture of milk pouring into the chocolate bar, is one of the all-time greats of British advertising. Business Operations John Cadbury was the founder of the Cadbury chocolate. He opened a shop in Birmingham, England and started to selling tea and cocoa in 1824. In 1831, he started manufacturing drinking chocolate and cocoa. In 2003, Adams Confectionery was acquired and through its number 1 brands including Trident and Halls. They became the leading worldwide confectionery company and the world’s number 2 in chewing gum. Objectives Before commencing a business, each and every management should decide on which market strategy they will be using and which strategy will help them for long term. They must take into consideration that correct and precise marketing objectives are set for their business. It will help the business to become as successful as possible in the future. The best way to ensure that the business have set realistic and achievable objectives for the business. By using the following acronym of ‘SMART’, it helps to identify the business to make sure high-quality objectives are being set. It will help to maintain high sales for the product. The acronym ‘SMART’ is to be checked over by businesses when setting its marketing strategy: Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic Timed Setting a competitive market, good quality objective helps to improve market. Common objectives must set to ensure the successful with the launch of new product. The main objective is to deliver superior shareowner returns. Carefully selecting ideas and markets will ensure the deliver growth and meaningful increases in margin. Product The Cadbury Dairy milk Produce chocolate, gum and candy brands. They also sell drinking chocolate. Research Proposal Research Topic Health Risks Many customers who are eating more chocolate were suffering from diabetic. There is no solution found for Diabetic. Problem Most of the people are suffering from diabetic. And there is no solution founded for the diabetic. Most of the people in the world are addicted to chocolate. Even the diabetic patients are still continuing to eat chocolate. The people who enjoy more chocolate become more fat and get medical treatment for diabetic and as well as the fat problems. People are not aware of, what they are buying and how much serious risks are associated with these kinds of sugar products. Chocolates won’t cause problem to everyone if they eat few. The problem occurs when there is no limitation. Some of the diseases are caused by food and beverages are: Fat Obesity Heart Diseases Diabetic Cholesterol Findings Cadbury must face claim that the chocolate contain calories and fat. Children where encouraged to buy chocolate for promotion and to get gift from Cadbury. Cadbury force them to buy chocolate for  £2000 to get the promotion. It causes them to suffer from fat and diabetic. Some of the Cadbury products are contain melamine. That chemical makes milk appear to have more protein. This chemical causes kidney diseases. In china, according to World Health Organization three babies died and 54,000 people have sought medical treatment related to melamine tainted dairy products. The food and beverages company are the responsibilities for making the people to become fat. All the food and confectionery company’s were violating consumer fraud statues by deliberately misleading consumers into thinking their products were healthy and nutritious. Most of the food and confectionery company’s were violating consumer fraud statues by deliberately misleading consumers in to thinking their products were healthy and nutritious. The food industry and health campaigners are watching closely on behalf of several obese teenagers who claim the fats food company. The food and beverages company are the responsibilities for making them fat. The research for these problems helps the food and confectionery company to make their product healthy and nutritious. Then to find a solution for the people who suffer from diabetic, obesity and fat problems. Health Risks Overcome from Health Risks Avoid law suit Is industry doing the right thing to reduce obesity? Consumer needs and industry objectives Objectives of Research The main objective of the research is to develop a new product in the market that is not affecting the health of the people. Here we introduce ‘Cadbury Diet’ as a new product. Its mainly introduced for the people who suffer from diabetic. Cadbury Diet can be enjoyed not only by the diabetic patient as well as the children. We focus mainly on Diabetic patients and children. Analysis from the secondary data Cadbury facing claim that chocolate contain calories and fat. It causes people to suffer from fat and diabetic. Some of the Cadbury products are contain melamine. That chemical makes milk appear to have more protein. This chemical causes kidney diseases. In china, according to World Health Organization three babies died and 54,000 people have sought medical treatment related to melamine tainted dairy products. The food and beverages company are the responsibilities for making the people to become fat. All the food and confectionery company’s were violating consumer fraud statues by deliberately misleading consumers into thinking their products were healthy and nutritious. The idea of introducing ‘Cadbury Diet’ helps the diabetic patient from fat, obesity and sugar problems. Sugar patients were engaged to buy this chocolate forever, still it won’t affect their health. Health Awareness There are many contradictive conclusions in studies considering what kind of foods consumers are willing to buy. This is further an indication that consumers might not be aware of their opinion in this topic, or maybe they do say one thing and than acts differently. Many studies show that people are interested in their health and as a part of that, they want to eat healthy. This has encouraged producers to invest in brands that are supposed to communicate health, but the functional food revolution is still absent which might suggest that consumers are not interested in such food. These factors were mainly a general interest in health and that they had perceived a physiological effect of the product. More over, respondents with a diet-related problem, personally or in the family, were more likely to consume cholesterol-lowering products than those without diet-related problems. Marketing Plan The product development includes product design, industrial design, manufacturing process design, packaging design, and outsourcing decisions. The last stages are marketing strategy, market testing and commercialization which involve developing a strategy, testing the product and finally coordinating market entry activities, implementing marketing strategy and monitoring and control of the product launch. Product Research Our innovation remains one of the key elements to the company’s success with new brands. Keep changing the catering tastes and lifestyles with quality products and the strong brand values force customer to buy. It will help us to new product development for the business strategy. The idea of introducing ‘Cadbury Diet’ helps the diabetic patient from fat obesity and sugar problems. Sugar patients were engaged to buy this chocolate forever; still it won’t affect their health. The Buyer Decision Process and Focus on Customers We mainly focus on Diabetic patients and Children. The reason for focusing for these customers is that they willing to eat chocolates. But their health condition and future of children health were controlled by the parents. If this product won’t affect their health then the parents encourage their children to buy this product. People are aware of their health problems. As this new product Cadbury Diet won’t affect their health then they were adopted to buy this product. Parents will encourage their children to buy Cadbury Diet. The consumer becomes aware of the new product but without any information on it. For example, people get aware of products with health claims but do not know what the concept stands for. In the next step consumer gets interested in the product and starts to seek information about it. Evaluation is the third step which means that the consumer consider if it makes sense to try the product or not. He or she might, for example, think about the effect the product promise and how valid that information is. If the decision is to try the production order to get a better opinion, the consumer has entered the step named Trial. And if the opinion improves in a positive way the consumer reach the stage of Adoption, where he or she decides to make it a habit using the product. Marketing Planning Strategy Goal of increasing operating margins around 10% by end of 2011 with following elements: Aim to reduce the complexity in business and minimize to duplicated activities. Taste and the flavour should not be same. To improve the performance all over the world. Main focus on profitable growth and rationalizing portfolio by the period of 2012. Market Characteristics Innovation remains one of the key elements to the company’s success with new brands. Keep changing the catering tastes and lifestyles with quality products and the strong brand values helps to keep the brand at a maturity stage. It will help to new product development for the business strategy. Wherever the customers buy a bar of Cadbury Diet the pack design will be exactly the same and the Slogan will change as â€Å"Glass of Milk with sweet less cream†. There are nearly 40% of people suffer from Diabetic all over the world. By introducing sugar free chocolates helps to keep the market for a long term strategies. Pricing Strategy To reduce costs and increase speed and ability to compete in the market helps from other competitors. New comers cannot competitive with cost and efficiency. As this Cadbury Diet is a new product and focusing mainly on health, so we don’t worry about the introductory price of the product. The estimated cost of this product is:  £0.69 per 40g. Marketing Mix There are two types of strategies on various things based on Marketing strategies can helps to launch new product. Marketing strategy is a plan of action which is used by many businesses around the world, which helps the business meet its aims and objectives, it can also assist a business when launching a new product as it helps to identify which different strategies would be best to use. Marketing strategies can be split into two main categories which are: Short term and Long Term. Short-Term Short-term strategies help a business to focus mainly on the four P’s, product, price, place and promotion. These strategies are vital to all businesses. These four features are the main things in a business to achieve objectives. But it should be used correctly. Product Cadbury Diet innovation remains one of the key elements to the company’s success with new brands. Keep changing the catering tastes and lifestyles with quality products and the strong brand values force customer to buy. It will help us to new product development for the business strategy. Wherever the customers buy a bar of Cadbury Diet the pack design will be exactly the same and the Slogan will change as â€Å"Glass of Milk with sweet less cream†. Price Price is an important element of marketing mix. The price is charged to determine whether the consumer will buy. Cadbury achieve the level of sales to make profit. Price is controlled by checking with the competitors charges. The estimated cost of this product is:  £0.69 per 40g. Place Cadbury Diet deal with beverages and confectionery like small shops, super markets and petrol station. These are the main places where customers visit in daily basis. Promotion By giving Advertisements, encourage customers to buy a product. People intend to participate in competition. As a part of new strategy we will announce 10,000 exciting prices by text or online entry by giving feedback about Cadbury Diet. As well as runner up prizes for the carnival theme. It motivates the customers to buy more chocolates. This promotion will be advertised by the Start of 2009, when the new product introduced for the Diabetic. Consumer Behavior Decided to make the customers marketing orientated mainly to younger customers by making the products affordable and appealing to children. Advertise in different ways to reach the product in the market. Research the type of chocolates that satisfy the customers and their tastes. Positioning Strategy Capability: Ensure world-class quality Developing world-class skills, processes and way of working will motivate people and it helps to improve reward winning performance. Customers confirm by Commitments which have been carefully selected to both improve business and ensure on the wider world. Marketing Strategy Having a clear Vision into Action plan helps to read the customers mind by surveying. This aligns the energies and efforts of teams behind the brands, markets and projects. If these are carried out successfully then it will help on revenue, margin, and market performance. Building commercial capabilities and recruiting employees from urban areas for product distribution. Ghana is the place we are mainly aiming to increase cocoa production. Delivering preferred products at competitive cost with other competitor which affordable by the customer and their satisfaction. Allocating Resource for the New Product Development. i.e., ‘Cadbury Diet’ Market Leadership Strategy In the confectionery market Mars, Nestle and Galaxy are the main competitors. Introducing new brands and promotion to customers and retailers helps to increase sales revenue. Advertisements in channels and newspaper helps to retain the brand name in the customers mind. Promotion By giving Advertisements will encourage customers to buy the product at least for the competition? As a part of new strategy we will announce 10,000 exciting prices by text or online entry by giving feedback about Cadbury Diet. As well as runner up prizes for the carnival theme. It motivates the customers to buy more chocolates and they eager to buy chocolates. This promotion will be advertised by the end of 2009, when the new product introduced for the Diabetic. Conclusion Cadbury is the largest confectionery market in the world. It holds second position in the 50 largest confectionery markets. Nearly 175 years it survived in the market. But it should keep the same image in the market. It should keep researching about their SWOT analysis and market penetration to improve their market. REFERENCES Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., (2005) Marketing: An Introduction Philip Kotler and Gary Armstrong – Principles of Marketing – 7th Edition Cassar, G., Gibson, B., (2007), Forecast Rationality in Small Firms, Journal of Small Business Management Cheng, T. 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